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热力学系统 [2017/11/25 06:07] 杨力宾 |
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| 热力学系统依据其边界所允许传递的量进行分类。 | 热力学系统依据其边界所允许传递的量进行分类。 | ||
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| + | * 开放系统 | ||
| + | 开放系统是能与其环境传递能量和物质的热力学系统。它的边界的一部分同时允许其与环境进行物质的传递的性质称为“全透性”。 | ||
| + | * 封闭系统 | ||
| + | 封闭系统是能与其环境传递能量（热量或功）但不能传递物质的热力学系统。通常温室可以看作一个封闭系统，可以与其环境传递能量，不能与其环境传递功。一个系统与外界传递的是热量或机械能或二者同时可以传递，通常取决于其边界的性质。 | ||
| + | * 绝热系统 | ||
| + | 绝热系统是指不与其环境传递物质或热量，但能传递机械能的热力学系统。系统中发生的过程被称为绝热过程 | ||
| + | * 力学孤立系统 | ||
| + | 力学孤立系统是指不与其环境传递物质或机械能，但能传递热量的热力学系统。对于一个简单系统，力学孤立等价于其体积固定。系统中发生的过程被称为等容过程。 | ||
| + | * 孤立系统 | ||
| + | 孤立系统是彻底孤立于其环境的热力学系统。它不与其环境发生物质或能量的传递。而在实际情况中，彻底孤立于其环境的热力学系统并不存在，因为系统内部与外界多少会存在一定的联系，比如万有引力。 | ||
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| + | ===== 参考文献 ===== | ||
| + | * 秦允豪. 《普通物理学教程 热学》第三版. 高等教育出版社. 2011. ISBN 978-7-04-030090-1. | ||
| + | * Eu, B.C. (2002). Generalized Thermodynamics. The Thermodynamics of Irreversible Processes and Generalized Hydrodynamics, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, ISBN 1-4020-0788-4. | ||
| + | * Bailyn, M. (1994). A Survey of Thermodynamics, American Institute of Physics Press, New York, ISBN 0-88318-797-3, p. 20. | ||
| + | * Tisza, L. (1966). Generalized Thermodynamics, M.I.T Press, Cambridge MA, p. 119. | ||
| + | * Bailyn, M. (1994). A Survey of Thermodynamics, American Institute of Physics Press, New York, ISBN 0-88318-797-3, p. 22. | ||
| + | * Perrot, Pierre. A to Z of Thermodynamics. Oxford University Press. 1998. ISBN 0-19-856552-6. | ||
| + | * The Blue Book on Environment by Richard Dawkins | ||
| + | * Shavit, A., Gutfinger, C. (1995). Thermodynamics. From Concepts to Applications, Prentice Hall, London, ISBN 0-13-288267-1, Chapter 6. | ||
| + | * Adkins, C.J. (1968/1983). Equilibrium Thermodynamics, third edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK, ISBN 0-521-25445-0, pp. 46–47. | ||
| + | * Bailyn, M. (1994). A Survey of Thermodynamics, American Institute of Physics Press, New York, ISBN 0-88318-797-3, pp. 19–23. | ||
| + | * I.M.Kolesnikov; V.A.Vinokurov; S.I.Kolesnikov. Thermodynamics of Spontaneous and Non-Spontaneous Processes. Nova science Publishers. 2001: 136. ISBN 1-56072-904-X. | ||
| + | * A System and Its Surroundings. ChemWiki. University of California - Davis. [May 2012]. | ||
| + | * Hyperphysics. The Department of Physics and Astronomy of Georgia State University. [May 2012]. | ||
| + | * Bryan Sanctuary. Open, Closed and Isolated Systems in Physical Chemistry,. Foundations of Quantum Mechanics and Physical Chemistry. McGill University (Montreal). [May 2012]. | ||
| + | * Material and Energy Balances for Engineers and Environmentalists (PDF). Imperial College Press. : 7 [May 2012]. | ||
| + | * Abbott, M.M.; van Hess, H.G. Thermodynamics with Chemical Applications 2nd. McGraw Hill. 1989. | ||
| + | * Halliday, David; Resnick, Robert; Walker, Jearl. Fundamentals of Physics 8th. Wiley. 2008. | ||
| + | * Moran, Michael J.; Shapiro, Howard N. Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics 6th. Wiley. 2008. | ||
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