✎ 热电联产

<p>
 热电联产（又称汽电共生，英语：Cogeneration, combined heat and power，缩写：CHP），是利用热机或发电站同时产生电力和有用的热量。三重热电联产（Trigeneration）或冷却，热和电力联产（CCHP）"是指从燃料燃烧或太阳能集热器中同时产生电和有用的热量和冷却。
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<p>
热电联产是燃料的热力学有效使用。 在单独的电力生产中，一些能量必须作为废热被丢弃，但是在热电联产中，这些热能中的一些被投入使用。所有热电厂在发电期间排放的热量，可以通过冷却塔，烟道气或通过其它方式释放到自然环境中。相反，热电联产捕获一些或全部用于加热的副产物，或者非常接近于工厂，或者特别是在斯堪的纳维亚和东欧，作为用于生活区域加热的热水，温度范围为约80至130℃。这也称为“热电联产区域供热”（combined heat and power district heating, 缩写CHPDH）。小型热电联产厂是分散式发电的一个例子。在中等温度（100-180℃，212-356°F）下的副产物热量也可以用于吸附式制冷机中以进行冷却。
热电联产为一种工业制程技巧，利用发电后的废热用于工业制造或是利用工业制造的废热发电，达到能量最大化利用的目的。以先发电式来说由于传统发电机效率只有30%左右，高达70%燃料能量被转化成无用的热，汽电共生能再利用30%的热能于工业，使燃料达到60%效率。系统使用了各种工业机具原本就会在运作中所产生的废热，等于所发的电都是额外的收益。
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<h2 class="page-header">参考资料</h2>
<div class="level2">
<ul>
<li class="level1"> Cogeneration and Cogeneration Schematic, <a href="http://www.clarke-energy.com" class="urlextern" title="http://www.clarke-energy.com" rel="nofollow">www.clarke-energy.com</a></li>
<li class="level1"> 	What is Decentralised Energy?. The Decentralised Energy Knowledge Base.</li>
<li class="level1"> 	Combined Heat and Power – Effective Energy Solutions for a Sustainable Future (PDF). Oak Ridge National Laboratory. </li>
<li class="level1"> 	Carbon footprints of various sources of heat – biomass combustion and CHPDH comes out lowest. Claverton Energy Research Group.</li>
<li class="level1"> 	Cogeneration recognized to be the most energy efficient method of transforming energy. Viessmann.</li>
<li class="level1"> 	The fuel cell industry review 2013</li>
<li class="level1"> 	Latest Developments in the Ene-Farm Scheme. </li>
<li class="level1"> 	Launch of New 'Ene-Farm' Home Fuel Cell Product More Affordable and Easier to Install - Headquarters News - Panasonic Newsroom Global. </li>
<li class="level1"> 	Pearce, J. M. Expanding Photovoltaic Penetration with Residential Distributed Generation from Hybrid Solar Photovoltaic + Combined Heat and Power Systems. Energy. 2009, 34: 1947–1954.</li>
<li class="level1"> 	Clarke Energy - Fuel-Efficient Distributed Generation. Clarke Energy. </li>
<li class="level1"> 	Fuel Cells and CHP</li>
<li class="level1"> 	Newsroom: Steam. ConEdison. </li>
<li class="level1"> 	Bevelhymer, Carl. Steam. Gotham Gazette. 2003-11-10 </li>
<li class="level1"> 	Nosrat, A.H.; Swan, L.G.; Pearce, J.M. Improved Performance of Hybrid Photovoltaic-Trigeneration Systems Over Photovoltaic-Cogen Systems Including Effects of Battery Storage. Energy: 366–374.</li>
<li class="level1"> 	Nosrat, Amir H.; Swan, Lukas G.; Pearce, Joshua M. Simulations of greenhouse gas emission reductions from low-cost hybrid solar photovoltaic and cogeneration systems for new communities. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments: 34–41. </li>
<li class="level1"> 	38% HHV Caterpillar Bio-gas Engine Fitted to Sewage Works - Claverton Group. </li>
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