物质在温度没有改变的状况下,从液态转变到气态的过程中吸收的能量。
以水为例:
将1公斤饱和水加热,全部变为干饱和水蒸气所吸收的热量叫汽化潜热。汽化潜热随压力升高而减少。汽化潜热的单位为“千焦/千克(KJ/kg)”。
例如:在3.92兆帕绝对压力下,水的汽化潜热为1718 x 10^3焦/千克,在9.81兆帕绝对压力下时,水的汽化潜热就变为1328 x 10^3焦/千克了。
水在一个大气压(0.1MPa) 100℃时的汽化潜热为2257.2kJ/kg
压力 /MPa | 温度/℃ | 汽化潜热 kJ/kg |
---|---|---|
0.001 | 6.9491 | 2484.1 |
0.002 | 17.5403 | 2459.1 |
0.003 | 24.1142 | 2443.6 |
0.004 | 28.9533 | 2432.2 |
0.005 | 32.8793 | 2422.8 |
0.006 | 36.1663 | 2415 |
0.007 | 38.9967 | 2408.3 |
0.008 | 41.5075 | 2402.3 |
0.009 | 43.7901 | 2396.8 |
0.01 | 45.7988 | 2392 |
0.015 | 53.9705 | 2372.3 |
0.02 | 60.065 | 2357.5 |
0.025 | 64.9726 | 2345.5 |
0.03 | 69.1041 | 2335.3 |
0.04 | 75.872 | 2318.5 |
0.05 | 81.3388 | 2304.8 |
0.06 | 85.9496 | 2293.1 |
0.07 | 89.9556 | 2282.8 |
0.08 | 93.5107 | 2273.6 |
0.09 | 96.7121 | 2265.3 |
0.1 | 99.634 | 2257.6 |
0.12 | 104.81 | 2243.9 |
0.14 | 109.318 | 2231.8 |
0.16 | 113.326 | 2220.9 |
0.18 | 116.941 | 2210.9 |
0.2 | 120.24 | 2201.7 |
0.25 | 127.444 | 2181.4 |
0.3 | 133.556 | 2163.7 |
0.35 | 138.891 | 2147.9 |
0.4 | 143.642 | 2133.6 |
0.5 | 151.867 | 2108.2 |
0.6 | 158.863 | 2086 |
0.7 | 164.983 | 2066 |
0.8 | 170.444 | 2047.7 |
0.9 | 175.389 | 2030.7 |
1 | 179.916 | 2014.8 |
1.1 | 184.1 | 1999.9 |
1.2 | 187.995 | 1985.7 |
1.3 | 191.644 | 1972.1 |
1.4 | 195.078 | 1959.1 |
1.5 | 198.327 | 1946.6 |
1.6 | 201.41 | 1934.6 |
1.7 | 204.346 | 1923 |
1.8 | 207.151 | 1911.7 |
1.9 | 209.838 | 1900.7 |
2 | 212.417 | 1890 |
2.2 | 217.289 | 1869.4 |
2.4 | 221.829 | 1849.8 |
2.6 | 226.085 | 1830.8 |
2.8 | 230.096 | 1812.6 |
3 | 233.893 | 1794.9 |
3.5 | 242.597 | 1752.9 |
4 | 250.394 | 1713.4 |
5 | 263.98 | 1639.5 |
6 | 275.625 | 1570.5 |
7 | 285.869 | 1504.8 |
8 | 295.048 | 1441.2 |
9 | 303.385 | 1378.9 |
10 | 311.037 | 1317.2 |
11 | 318.118 | 1255.7 |
12 | 324.715 | 1193.8 |
13 | 330.894 | 1131 |
14 | 336.707 | 1066.7 |
15 | 342.196 | 1000.2 |
16 | 347.396 | 930.8 |
17 | 352.334 | 857.1 |
18 | 357.034 | 777.4 |
19 | 361.514 | 688.9 |
20 | 365.789 | 585.9 |
21 | 369.868 | 452.4 |