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微型热电联产
简介
微型热电联产(MicroCHP, 或MCHP)是所谓的分布式能源(DER),在房屋或小型企业中的安装通常小于5kWe,而不是燃烧燃料仅仅加热空间或水,除了热以外,能量被转换成电。这种电可以在家庭或商业中使用,或者如果电网管理允许,则被卖回电网。 Delta-ee顾问公司在2013年表示,在全球销售的64%,燃料电池微型热电联产在2012年超过了常规系统销售。2012年在日本“Ene农场项目”中销售了20,000台。使用寿命约60,000小时。对于在夜间关闭的PEM燃料电池单元,这相当于估计寿命为十年至十五年。安装前价格为22,600美元。2013年,国家对50,000个单位的补贴已经到位。 小型热电联产系统的发展为住宅级太阳能光伏(PV)阵列的内部电力备份提供了机会 。在2011年的一项研究结果表明,PV + CHP混合系统不仅具有从根本上减少现有电力和供暖系统中的能源浪费的潜力,而且还使太阳能光伏的份额能够扩大约五倍。 微型热电联产装置使用五种不同的技术:微型燃气涡轮发动机,内燃机,斯特林发动机,闭式循环蒸汽机,和燃料电池。
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