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微型热电联产 [2017/11/25 05:20] 杨力宾 |
微型热电联产 [2019/01/06 08:59] (当前版本) |
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| 在韩国，补贴将从国内燃料电池成本的80％开始。带有可再生能源证书的可再生能源比例标准从2012年实行到2022年。配额制度有利于大型，垂直整合的发电机和跨国电力公司，只是因为证书通常以1兆瓦时为单位。与上网电价补贴政策相比，它们的设计和实施也比较难。2012年约350个住宅安置微型热电联产单元。 | 在韩国，补贴将从国内燃料电池成本的80％开始。带有可再生能源证书的可再生能源比例标准从2012年实行到2022年。配额制度有利于大型，垂直整合的发电机和跨国电力公司，只是因为证书通常以1兆瓦时为单位。与上网电价补贴政策相比，它们的设计和实施也比较难。2012年约350个住宅安置微型热电联产单元。 | ||
| + | ===== 参考资料 ===== | ||
| + | * Ellamla H.R.; Staffell, I; Bujlo, P; Pollet, BG; Pasupathi, S. Current status of fuel cell based combined heat and power systems for residential sector. Journal of Power Sources. 28 May 2015, 293 (C): 312–328. | ||
| + | * Du, R.; Robertson, P. Cost Effective Grid-Connected Inverter for a Micro Combined Heat and Power System. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. 2017. ISSN 0278-0046. | ||
| + | * Integration of fuel cell micro-CHPs on low voltage grid: A Danish case study | ||
| + | * Honda Worldwide | July 17, 2007 "Honda’s Compact Household Cogeneration Unit Achieves Cumulative Sales of 50,000 units in Japan". World.honda.com. | ||
| + | * Micro CHP in Japan | ||
| + | * FCgen-1030V3 | ||
| + | * ENE FARM residential fuel cells launched | ||
| + | * The IEA CHP and DHC Collaborative . | ||
| + | * South Korea unveils 80 per cent subsidy for domestic fuel cells | ||
| + | * R&D status and prospects on fuel cells in Korea. | ||
| + | * Renewable Energy Policy Mechanisms by Paul Gipe | ||
| + | * Lauber, V. (2004). "REFIT and RPS: Options for a harmonized Community framework," Energy Policy, Vol. 32, Issue 12, pp.1405–1414. | ||
| + | * Lauber, V. (2008). "Certificate Trading – Part of the Solution or Part of the Problem?" Ljubljana Conference on the Future of GHG Emissions Trading in the EU, March 2008. Salzburg, Austria: University of Salzburg. Retrieved 16 March 2009 at: www.uni-salzburg.at/politikwissenschaft/lauber | ||
| + | * The fuel cell industry review 2012 | ||
| + | * 5th stakeholders general assembly of the FCH JU | ||
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| - | ===== 简介 ===== | ||
| - | 微型热电联产(MicroCHP, 或MCHP)是所谓的分布式能源（DER），在房屋或小型企业中的安装通常小于5kWe，而不是燃烧燃料仅仅加热空间或水，除了热以外，能量被转换成电。这种电可以在家庭或商业中使用，或者如果电网管理允许，则被卖回电网。 | ||
| - | Delta-ee顾问公司在2013年表示，在全球销售的64％，燃料电池微型热电联产在2012年超过了常规系统销售。2012年在日本“Ene农场项目”中销售了20,000台。使用寿命约60,000小时。对于在夜间关闭的PEM燃料电池单元，这相当于估计寿命为十年至十五年。安装前价格为22,600美元。2013年，国家对50,000个单位的补贴已经到位。 | ||
| - | 小型热电联产系统的发展为住宅级太阳能光伏（PV）阵列的内部电力备份提供了机会 。在2011年的一项研究结果表明，PV + CHP混合系统不仅具有从根本上减少现有电力和供暖系统中的能源浪费的潜力，而且还使太阳能光伏的份额能够扩大约五倍。 | ||
| - | 微型热电联产装置使用五种不同的技术：微型燃气涡轮发动机，内燃机，斯特林发动机，闭式循环蒸汽机，和燃料电池。 | ||
| - | |||
| - | ===== 参考资料 ===== | ||
| - | * Cogeneration and Cogeneration Schematic, www.clarke-energy.com | ||
| - | * What is Decentralised Energy?. The Decentralised Energy Knowledge Base. | ||
| - | * Combined Heat and Power – Effective Energy Solutions for a Sustainable Future (PDF). Oak Ridge National Laboratory. | ||
| - | * Carbon footprints of various sources of heat – biomass combustion and CHPDH comes out lowest. Claverton Energy Research Group. | ||
| - | * Cogeneration recognized to be the most energy efficient method of transforming energy. Viessmann. | ||
| - | * The fuel cell industry review 2013 | ||
| - | * Latest Developments in the Ene-Farm Scheme. | ||
| - | * Launch of New 'Ene-Farm' Home Fuel Cell Product More Affordable and Easier to Install - Headquarters News - Panasonic Newsroom Global. | ||
| - | * Pearce, J. M. Expanding Photovoltaic Penetration with Residential Distributed Generation from Hybrid Solar Photovoltaic + Combined Heat and Power Systems. Energy. 2009, 34: 1947–1954. | ||
| - | * Clarke Energy - Fuel-Efficient Distributed Generation. Clarke Energy. | ||
| - | * Fuel Cells and CHP | ||
| - | * Newsroom: Steam. ConEdison. | ||
| - | * Bevelhymer, Carl. Steam. Gotham Gazette. 2003-11-10 | ||
| - | * Nosrat, A.H.; Swan, L.G.; Pearce, J.M. Improved Performance of Hybrid Photovoltaic-Trigeneration Systems Over Photovoltaic-Cogen Systems Including Effects of Battery Storage. Energy: 366–374. | ||
| - | * Nosrat, Amir H.; Swan, Lukas G.; Pearce, Joshua M. Simulations of greenhouse gas emission reductions from low-cost hybrid solar photovoltaic and cogeneration systems for new communities. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments: 34–41. | ||
| - | * 38% HHV Caterpillar Bio-gas Engine Fitted to Sewage Works - Claverton Group. | ||
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